Mansard roof: design features and layout

A house with an attic is noticeably different from any private and country houses. The attic allows you to save useful space, it is a functional element of the residential structure. However, in order to attic space was such, it is necessary to know not only the design features of the roof, but also the layout of the attic as a whole.

Attic is the top floor of a residential building. It is a mistake to call it an attic: there is a superficial resemblance, but the attic is a heated room. It is included in the relevant documentation, according to which it is a functional part of the dwelling, it is included in the total footage and has a specific purpose, which is subject to the failed communications.

Mansard roof is both the roof and walls of the upper floor.However, the roof may be different. Its design features determine the capacity, future purpose and comfort of the stay. All this is determined at the stage of designing houses at the moment of choosing a place for the future structure.

Being a ceiling and walls, the attic roof has window openings. They perform the function of illuminating the internal space, which is not so important for the attic. For this reason, the roof has not one, but several windows. Their presence and location are factors that impede the finish, but are necessary to create comfort.

The dimensions of the window openings are selected in each case individually. In most cases, this depends on the material for the construction of the roof.

A distinctive feature of a properly constructed mansard roof is a reduced load on the foundation. For the construction of the attic usually try to use lightweight materials. This allows you to eliminate the subsidence of the whole house, as well as to build an attic in houses where it was not originally. Due to modern technologies, it is not difficult to choose the right raw materials.

The number of floors of the main building also matters. If there are two of them, then construction of a complex shape with a mass of rafters and double-glazed windows pressing on the foundation is undesirable. In this case, it is necessary to think over a simpler version of the attic roof. It is necessary to take into account the total number of beams, so that their number, together with the rest of the structural elements, does not cause the house to sink.

The calculation scheme is quite simple: it is important to take into account the useful and dead space of the attic. Useful space are zones, the distance from the floor to the ceiling in which is from 1.2 m or more. All the rest is called deaf space, since it is impossible to comfortably sit in it. However, it is suitable for placing necessary accessories, such as small shelves, floor lamps, chairs, a table and a dresser.

But in order that the insulation and the lining of the upper ceiling do not reduce the visual volume of the room, it is necessary to think over the shape of the roof. All developments contribute to the project, denoting the size of each plane. The shape of the roof is chosen from several varieties, given:

• required ceiling height;
• maximum user comfort;
• the type and material of the foundation of the house;
• reliability of the construction;
• durability and hygiene of raw materials used for the roof;

• the possibility of summarizing communications;
• backlight compatibility;
• sufficient level of lighting;
• convenience of headlining and wall decoration in the future;
• lack of rigid framework of furniture arrangement.

In addition, try to take into account the openness of the layout. For example, in the case of an open internal space in the design include support columns or partitions. The essence of the compilation is to disguise these seemingly unsightly attic components to the dignity and individuality of the structure. In addition, the projects take into account the visual gravity, correlating it with the footage of the erected structure.

An important aspect is the location of the stairs leading to the attic. The entrance should be convenient for every household, it is unacceptable that this is reflected in the shape and location of the roof slopes. Design is carried out independently, using online programs or expert advice.The designer can better suggest which version of the roof will be optimal in a particular case.

In this case, the customer has the opportunity to choose the functionality of the roof. For example, you can choose options that allow you to align the illumination of space under natural daylight. In other cases, the project includes the presence of a veranda or balcony. If the customer wishes, a bay window projection is designed. The latter option is characterized by the presence of large windows, which will add light to the attic and make it visually easier.

If you plan to install a fireplace, it also affects the shape of the roof and requires the purchase of refractory material for construction. Additionally, it is necessary to enhance fire safety. Inside you will need to think about the ventilation system.

The mansard roof today has a strict classification according to the shape of the roof. For varieties characterized by their names and features. The unique property of such a roof is the factthat she can have multiple levels. Consider the main nuances of mansard roofs.

Shed roofing is not the best option. It is a roof with one slant of an inclined shape and looks like half a roof. This form significantly hides the useful area, makes the room uncomfortable, restricts the placement of furniture.

In such a case, the angle of inclination of the roof should not be allowed to be small (less than 45 degrees). In most cases, such an attic is not easy to regulate according to the law, which is due to the lack of height of the walls and ceiling. This construction option is the cheapest compared to other varieties. With a greater base length in addition to the truss foot in such systems, we have to use log.

These options more efficiently use the internal space. However, they are sometimes not sufficient for maximum comfort for the households or their guests. This is due to the steepness of the roof and, as a consequence, the minimum height of the walls for effective use. Such buildings limit the freedom of movement in the attic room, require a solid approach to the height of the walls, which is often difficult for a small footprint.

Gable or gable roofs can be symmetrical (the ridge is placed above the center of the building) and asymmetrical (the ridge is displaced relative to the center of the base). Such a space often has the shape of a trapezoid or even a square. The corners of his use under the pantry. This category includes a kind of "one-and-a-half floor".

These rafter systems (roof shapes) are a variety of gable counterparts. Their difference is an increase in the number of skates. In such structures, they are, as a rule, 4. Externally, each of the two slopes is divided into two parts located at a certain angle. In this case, the upper symmetrical slopes have a shorter length, the lower overhangs are more elongated.

A sloping top of such a roof reduces the cost of purchasing roofing material. Part of the rafters in the construction of the attic roof is often carried over the surface of the wall.

Such roofs are hipped roof mansard structures. The classic hip variety is nothing but 4 skates (2 symmetrical each). These systems are most resistant to strong gusty winds, as the wind load does not put enough pressure on the slopes. Externally, such designs are more attractive compared to other analogues.

Inside such spaces, households and guests are provided with the highest level of comfort. The ceiling of hip constructions is more high, however, the construction of such a system will cost a greater amount than previous analogues. In some cases, the slopes perform the function of the walls, in others the building has gables. This nuance allows you to install in the attic roof ordinary windows (not roofing).

Such mansard roofs are modifications of hip analogues. Their design is complicated. Externally, the semi-hinged design always has 4 slopes. However, due to the fact that 2 of them can be partial, it is called gable. Under the small slopes of the flat form, the main wall of the house can be placed with small windows.

The construction of such buildings is quite complicated since you have to think through every nuance of the truss system, load-bearing walls and the reliability of the foundation. Sometimes, in addition to simple slopes, the turning point system is complemented by gables with windows. In this case, the gable may often have several slopes, repeating the hip base of the roof. Sometimes these options are roofs of the combined type. For example, a half-gum structure can be a polyline.

The attic roof device really resembles a layer cake. Moreover, the layers have all the slopes, even if the shape of the roof is broken. Immediately gaze man in the street appears finishing. This is the final or finishing material, which in addition to the main function is the decoration of the roof. As the finishing layer, metal roofing, ondulin or slate are usually used.

Under this material is located under-roofing film. It is designed to protect the insulating material from adverse factors. In the arrangement of the mansard roof for this purpose can use different types of auxiliary coatings. It all depends on your budget and individual preferences.

The batten and system of rafters make up the mansard roof frame. They are made today mainly from wood massif. Rafters provide an even distribution of the weight load of the roof from the slopes to the walls. Heat insulation is an essential element of attic cake. Without proper insulation, the space will not be habitable.

Usually, materials with the best energy-saving characteristics and durability (for example, mineral wool) are selected for these purposes. However, the material should not be harmful and expensive. Be sure to need ventilation. Its installation will allow to eliminate the formation of condensate during the operation of the attic. Due to it, it will be possible to protect the entire structure of the roof roof and extend its service life, eliminating premature repairs.

Preparatory work before the construction of the attic roof involves taking into account several aspects.In addition to calculating the amount required for the construction and insulation of the building of raw materials, perform the markup on the drawings with an indication of each nuance.

Before the construction of the desired structure, calculate the total area of ​​the mansard roof. This requires a plan. The calculation is done as follows:

• divide the internal space into several geometric shapes (depending on the complexity of the design);
• find the area of ​​each figure;
• the results are summarized.

In addition to the nuances of thermal insulation and the order of the window openings, it is necessary to consider the angle of inclination of the roof slope. This factor is especially important: if the slope of the roof slope exceeds the maximum allowable value, this will lead to a decrease in the internal area of ​​the attic space. Pay attention to the photo, clearly demonstrating the permissible performance, taking into account the material used for the construction. Values ​​are in percent, for greater understanding, ratios of quantities are shown.

Often the angle of inclination obeys the weather conditions of a particular region.If we consider a structure with a broken perspective of 4 slopes, the angle of the lower slopes relative to the floor is 60 degrees. In this case, the upper at the base will be located at an angle of 30 degrees. Preparation calculates the load and slopes from precipitation, including snow and wind, so the steeper the slope, the stronger the wind load.

According to SNiP, the area of ​​the window opening should not be less than 10% relative to the floor surface. If the mansard roof will cover the space in several rooms, in each of them at least one window should be made. Inclined installation technology of windows is somewhat more complicated than usual, as is the installation of windows on the ceiling. The distance from the floor where the window openings can be placed is important.

The dimensions of the windows are directly dependent on the height of the attic roof. They are trying to arrange in such a way as to illuminate most of the space. For example, to illuminate a small area with a low ceiling, the parameters of 78x118 cm are located at a height of 100 m from the floor. However, such illumination cannot be called sufficient, since with the illumination of the angle it does not always fill with light the main part of the room.

If the same window is located at a distance of 120-150 cm, the angle will be less illuminated, but the main stream of light will be directed to the center of the room. To achieve maximum illumination, it is better to choose a larger window size (for example, 78x160 cm) and place it at a height of 120 cm from the floor and almost to the top of the roof (230 cm). When preparing take into account an important nuance: the steeper the broken attic roof configuration, the wider and higher the window should be. This eliminated the destruction of the system rafters.

More often, the construction of a private house with an attic roof is performed with a broken roof structure. This is due to an increase in usable area. However, with the complication of the form, the reliability of the roof roof on the materials used increases. This is also reflected on the windows, which can be not only classical inclined in the plane, but also vertical:

• with a ledge above the roof (dormer);
• the end of the attic;
• recessed into the attic space.

Usually for a small attic choose oblique technology. It affects the internal arrangement most gently, gives a greater amount of light.Other types of installation are more difficult to perform, due to them inside there is often a feeling of overloading the interior.

Performing the markup, take into account the slope of the slope: the steeper it is with respect to the floor, the smaller the height of the window can be. Its width should be a few cm less than the step between the beams.

Before installation, it is necessary to carefully consider the truss system. With the same width of the base with an increase in the number of rays, the usable area of ​​the internal space becomes larger. Despite the fact that the truss system is complicated at the same time, it does not lose its demand from the customer. A notable nuance of such a solution is the possibility of a lower omission of the overhangs.

At the same time, sharply inclined overhangs perform the function of protecting the top of the wall from adverse weather factors. In addition, due to them it is possible to take moisture away from the foundation. However, the preparatory stage should take into account the fact that they are able to increase sail. This makes use of highly durable boards and beams in the construction.

Lighting is thought out at the preparatory stage, designing a traditional or built-in type. The design of the ceiling design depends on the method. To meet all safety requirements, today use modern light sources with LEDs. Their shape can be any (in the form of panels, embedded spotlights, spots with an adjustment system, as well as a cord and a flexible tape).

These light sources are very powerful, they do not emit toxic substances into the air during operation, are resistant to power surges and do not heat up. However, they shine a directional light, which does not allow to illuminate every corner of the attic roof from the inside. For this reason more often the attic ceiling is equipped with a point illuminationlocated through the same distance around the perimeter. Often in the attic space you can see several chandeliers, as well as composite lighting, consisting of central and auxiliary elements.

Consider the step-by-step manufacturing technology of the attic roof of a single-story house. The construction of the truss system has 2 varieties:

• with hanging beams;
• with sloping.

The second options need the construction of additional supports. More often in the construction of the roof roof and use those and others. Therefore, for the upper slopes prepare hanging rafter beams, and for the dock faces - inclined.

The first step is to calculate the rafters. The step between the bars should vary between 60–80 cm. You can use whole or glued beams 15–18 cm wide and more (the longer, the wider). The thickness is usually at least 5 cm. Requirements should be observed, as it is important for laying insulation.

Mauerlat is nothing but a harness made of wood on top of the base. Its task is to provide conditions for firm fixation of the lower rafters to the base. It distributes the weight pressure from the roof to the walls. It is attached to the base by means of anchor bolts, studs or reinforcement, fixing the bearing floors to the base. Use wooden nog.

To prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, perform waterproofing (put roofing material). Bars are treated with an antiseptic impregnation.

Beams put on mauerlat. On the ground form the slopes in the sea of ​​triangles. If you want to perform a dual roof, initially fixed frame in the form of the letter "P". After that, the hanging and then inclined rafters are attached directly to it. For the side faces use inclined beams.

Then rafter legs are washed down and fastened to the mauerlat using nails or metal brackets (movable type of fixation). Washed down is carried out with maximum accuracy. It should ensure maximum tight fit of the rafter foot to the power plate. Rafters set with equal increments, otherwise the weight pressure on the base will be uneven.

To achieve horizontal installation, between the extreme rafters pull the rope. When all the beams are installed, they are interconnected, building a crate. Places reserved for the attic windows, reinforced perpendicularly located bar. This will eliminate the deformation of the windows in the future.

If the roof has a large width, install the ridge beam. This element will be another pillar. He will allow to redistribute the weight load.If the mansard roof is long, it is supplied with support.

At this stage, a film of a hydroprotective barrier is attached to the crate. Proper execution involves laying the material overlapping. To this procedure does not cause doubts, you can buy waterproofing manufacturers, indicating the joining strips of bright color.

Usually insulation is placed under the waterproofing film. At the same time, materials with good flexibility are used that can fill any gaps and voids. A vapor barrier film is needed to protect the roofing material from condensation and steam that penetrates from the inside. The film is laid, providing the gaps of the desired size. At the same time, the distance between roofing and heat-insulating materials obeys their class.

According to the technology, the windows are installed before the roofing works. When they are installed, make sure that their design provides for the opening. This will allow airing the attic.

The final stage of installation is roof sheathing roofing material. His choice depends on the configuration of the roof, taste preferences and the available budget. However, it is important to follow the rule here: raw materials with sufficient rigidity are applicable for ramps of a linear type.

After that, it remains to install additional elements. Each of them has its own purpose. For example, the ridge is installed on top of the slopes in order to prevent the ingress of water between them. In order to protect the docking sites where water can flow, they fix the inside corner bar. The outer bar is attached to give aesthetic appeal, as well as enhancing the protection of joints.

The following raw materials are used for the construction of the roof roof:

• For rafters you can use pine or glued timber.
• To cut the lining will need a metal sheet 1 mm thick.
• Mauerlat will be reliable if used for its construction pine or larch.
• The structure erected from foam block or analog with a cellular texture.

• The best type of raw materials for roof insulation are mineral and basalt wool. In addition to it, use fiberboard plates, foam plastic, polystyrene foam and glass wool.
• For roofing roofing raw materials are used metal tile, corrugated board, folded roof, polymer-sand, bitumen and natural ceramic tiles, turf and slate, reed.
• For interior surfaces use decorative stone, wall paneling, wallpaper, paint.

Layout attic may be different. The main factor determining its capabilities inside is the shape of the roof. It depends on the type, quantity and size of furniture, convenience of location, atmosphere of comfort and regular use of the attic. Depending on the available usable area and division or open plan in the attic you can arrange:

• one living room and balcony;
• a living room combined with a bay window;
• two bedrooms;

• bedroom and living room;
• bedroom, living room, kitchen and bathroom;
• billiard room and recreation room;
• exercise room and guest room;

• living room combined with dining area;
• children's room and parents' room;
• office and recreation room;
• home library and living room.

Planning options there are many. All of them involve the creation of a cozy atmosphere, which complicates the slope of the slopes. In order to visually remove this discomfort, they try to fill places with walls with trifles. Non-use of deaf areas visually introduces an imbalance in the interior. Every corner of the attic should look lived-in. There are a number of basic methods of internal arrangement of the attic space, taking into account the purpose of individual rooms.

If the roof has a difficult perspective, it should be leveled by means of light-colored finishing coatings. Living room implies comfort, warmth and creation of the atmosphere of a home hearth, so it needs warm colors. It is undesirable to overload the interior with an abundance of upholstered furniture. If space is small, you can put a small compact sofa and a couple of chairs.

We must not forget about the functionality: the sofa should have a convenient transformation mechanism. This will allow, if necessary, to arrange guests at night. To create a welcoming atmosphere, you will need a small table, glass models will make the interior light.The sofa should be selected so that the back and the seat were comfortable and did not create an additional load on the spine.

Arrange the attic under the bedroom is easy, even if the prospect of the roof has a lot of kinks. Tones are selected soft and light. The type of surface coating preferred matte: gloss creates a certain emotional stress.

In the choice of furniture is to give preference to simple beds without carved elements. The bed may have a small headboard. The best accessories will be bedside tables. They differ minimalist forms with sufficient functionality.

In such rooms, built-in or near-surface lighting is preferred. Chandeliers are better to replace with spotlights or a few wall sconces.

Equipping the attic space under the nursery, pay special attention to safety. Complex roof systems are excluded, space and freedom of movement are important. The space is divided into 3 functional zones,delimiting them through soft carpet or ceiling construction. Depending on age, this is a playroom (recreation area), a work corner and a sleeping space.

There should not be a lot of furniture, and a mandatory set includes a bed, desk, nightstand, a shelving unit or a small closet. Each functional area should have its own lighting in addition to the central lighting. Contrasting bright shades are allowed, but no frills. For the walls choose wallpaper, one of the walls can be marked with a poster. If you wish, you can equip a small audio zone.

This designation of the attic space implies the presence of a ventilation system. Do not overload the room with furniture bulky forms. It is better if it is built-in wall cabinets, perhaps bar counters or rather narrow tables and chairs. If space is limited, perform a linear arrangement of furniture.

The priority is to use white color of the ceiling covering and its combination with fresh dynamic tones (green, mint, orange). Furniture is chosen compact, if possible with streamlined edges, to eliminate the risk of injury to households or guests. The upper overlap is made with a stretch film or painted. Particular attention is paid to lighting, providing the ceiling structure with a mass of lamps.

In addition to the classic solutions, the layout of the attic for other types of rooms is changing and its furniture. For example, for a study in the attic set the desk, put the necessary equipment. Above the table in order to save space embed lamps.

Mandatory attribute of the office is a rack for books. In order to minimize the accumulation of dust on books, a closed-type model is placed in the room. Similar is the arrangement of the home library. However, here it is desirable to create more comfortable conditions. To do this, you can put in a room comfortable sofa or chair.

In most cases, attic space can be decorated in any style of interior. If you approach the process of creating a cozy atmosphere creatively, you get an unexpected, but harmonious option. At the same time, it is possible to create an interior in classic, modern, vintage and ethnic design directions.The only obstacle is the presence of beams, however, they can also be beaten, hiding with a simple suspension structure.

Dvukhskatnaya and chetyrehskatnaya roof with classic windows allows the design of the ceiling tension film in a plasterboard box. With their help, you can bring into the interior geometric shapes and symmetry that is needed for classic, neoclassical and classicism. If you depict an imitation of plaster stucco on the ceiling, and from the furniture you can choose a sofa and armchairs in light colors with gold-plated trim, get an interior in a classic style. For a larger entourage, you can decorate the ceiling with a simple baguette.

If need rustic theme in the spirit of Provence style, it is possible to paint the walls with water-based paint of white color or ivory tint. Such a wooden floor solution will change its aesthetic perception, making it easy. Chandeliers here need a simple form and small size. The form of the roof can be gable, hip and broken.

For creativity, it is important to demonstrate some roughness of the surfaces. The presence of beams, communication systems is welcome.Similar extraordinary lamps (for example, in the form of a fan) are selected for them. Make a complex decor of the ceiling is not necessary.

The business card of the directions loft and grunge is deliberate obscenity. The comfort is created by means of a fireplace, expensive brand furniture and extraordinary accessories.

Ethnic Destinations require spaciousness. It does not need extra details, both on the ceiling and in the setting. Their number is minimized.

The dimensions of recessed luminaires should not be large: it visually makes the room smaller. Each piece of furniture and accessories used has its own history and has a special meaning, pointing to the concept of the chosen style.

So that the attic is really a decoration of a country house, You can consider several recommendations of specialists:

• An error in the design of the internal, and often external design is the use of identical material texture. When one of the finishing materials a lot, it loses its expressiveness.
• Buy for the construction of the attic roof quality raw materials.It will increase the life of the roof as a whole.
• Do not save on the raw truss system and insulation. The design must be reliable, because the operation of the attic will be daily.
• Construct an attic space, take care of additional insulation. In addition to the roof warm the floor. Many modern materials are compatible with the "warm floor" system.

• If you plan to use a fireplace in the attic, it is better to buy its electric imitation with the function of sound. It weighs less and is safer to use.
• Do not weight the roof with multi-level structures made of drywall and stretch fabric. Suspension and metal frame, sheets HL, sometimes plastic or wooden cassettes will give additional weight to the load-bearing walls.
• If the design of the main building provides for a garage, do not build balconies next to it. The smell of gasoline will fall through the open windows into the space of the entire attic floor.

We offer you a beautiful examples of photo galleries.They will help you to be inspired to create a mansard structure, embodying the most unusual design solutions.

How to warm a mansard roof, look in the following video.